What is a lungo?
A lungo is an espresso-based drink made by pulling a longer shot than a standard espresso, resulting in a larger volume of liquid. By allowing more water to pass through the coffee grounds, the extraction time is extended, which pulls out different compounds and creates a milder, yet more bitter, flavor profile.
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The term 'lungo' is Italian for 'long.' In the context of espresso, it refers to a shot that is extracted for a longer duration than a standard 'normale' shot. While a standard espresso might take 25 to 30 seconds to pull, a lungo can take significantly longer, resulting in a higher volume of coffee in the cup. This extra water extracts more of the coffee's soluble compounds, but it also changes the balance of the flavor.
Because the water is in contact with the grounds for a longer period, the lungo tends to be less intense and syrupy than a standard espresso, but it can also become more bitter. This is because the final stages of extraction pull out compounds that are less desirable, such as tannins and heavier plant fibers. However, for those who find a standard espresso too concentrated or acidic, the lungo offers a more approachable, albeit different, experience.
It is important to distinguish a lungo from an Americano. An Americano is a standard espresso shot diluted with hot water after the extraction is complete. A lungo, by contrast, is brewed entirely through the coffee bed. This means the entire volume of the drink has been subjected to the pressure and heat of the espresso machine, which changes the chemical composition of the final cup.
In practice, the lungo is a great way to explore how extraction time affects flavor. If you have an espresso machine at home, try pulling a shot for 10 seconds longer than usual and taste the difference. You will likely notice a decrease in the thick, creamy body and an increase in bitterness. It is a useful tool for baristas to adjust the profile of a specific bean, and for drinkers who want a longer, more diluted espresso experience without adding extra water.
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