When is coffee harvested?
There is no single global coffee harvest season. The country-level windows in this calendar are broad editorial estimates; local picking dates vary with rainfall, temperature, region, variety and elevation.
The global harvest calendar
WHEN IS COFFEE HARVESTED?
Coffee is harvested somewhere on Earth in almost every month — the hemisphere, altitude and rains decide where. Browse the calendar by country, month or hemisphere, and follow the chain from flowering to the moment fresh crop lands at your roaster.
Original artwork — sacred geometry. Never reused.
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These are broad editorial estimates, not verified picking dates for individual farms. Our sources provide global context and selected origin calendars; they do not independently verify every country-month cell. Regional weather, elevation, species and variety can all shift harvests. Main and secondary windows may overlap, and a country can have more than one harvesting region.
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| Country | J | F | M | A | M | J | J | A | S | O | N | D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MexicoN | Main crop | Main crop | Main crop | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Main crop | Main crop |
| GuatemalaN | Main crop | Main crop | Main crop | Main crop | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Main crop |
| HondurasN | Main crop | Main crop | Main crop | Main crop | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Main crop | Main crop |
| El SalvadorN | Main crop | Main crop | Main crop | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Main crop | Main crop |
| NicaraguaN | Main crop | Main crop | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Main crop | Main crop | Main crop |
| Costa RicaN | Main crop | Main crop | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Main crop | Main crop |
| PanamaN | Main crop | Main crop | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Main crop | Main crop |
| ColombiaEQ | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Secondary / fly crop | Secondary / fly crop | Secondary / fly crop | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Main crop | Main crop | Main crop | Main crop |
| VenezuelaN | Main crop | Main crop | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Main crop | Main crop | Main crop |
| EcuadorEQ | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Main crop | Main crop | Main crop | Main crop | Main crop | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window |
| PeruS | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Main crop | Main crop | Main crop | Main crop | Main crop | Main crop | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window |
| BoliviaS | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Main crop | Main crop | Main crop | Main crop | Main crop | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window |
| BrazilS | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Main crop | Main crop | Main crop | Main crop | Main crop | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window |
| JamaicaN | Main crop | Main crop | Main crop | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Main crop | Main crop | Main crop | Main crop | Main crop |
| Dominican RepublicN | Main crop | Main crop | Main crop | Main crop | Main crop | Main crop | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Main crop | Main crop | Main crop |
| EthiopiaN | Main crop | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Main crop | Main crop | Main crop |
| KenyaEQ | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Secondary / fly crop | Secondary / fly crop | Secondary / fly crop | Outside estimated window | Main crop | Main crop | Main crop |
| UgandaREGIONAL | Historical ICO/UCDA regional pattern; not a current national harvest forecast | Historical ICO/UCDA regional pattern; not a current national harvest forecast | Not confirmed in selected regional windows; not proof of no harvest | Historical ICO/UCDA regional pattern; not a current national harvest forecast | Historical ICO/UCDA regional pattern; not a current national harvest forecast | Historical ICO/UCDA regional pattern; not a current national harvest forecast | Historical ICO/UCDA regional pattern; not a current national harvest forecast | Historical ICO/UCDA regional pattern; not a current national harvest forecast | Not confirmed in selected regional windows; not proof of no harvest | Historical ICO/UCDA regional pattern; not a current national harvest forecast | Historical ICO/UCDA regional pattern; not a current national harvest forecast | Historical ICO/UCDA regional pattern; not a current national harvest forecast |
| TanzaniaS | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Main crop | Main crop | Main crop | Main crop | Main crop | Main crop |
| RwandaS | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Main crop | Main crop | Main crop | Main crop | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window |
| BurundiS | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Main crop | Main crop | Main crop | Main crop | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window |
| DR CongoS | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Main crop | Main crop | Main crop | Main crop | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Secondary / fly crop | Secondary / fly crop | Secondary / fly crop | Secondary / fly crop |
| YemenN | Main crop | Main crop | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Main crop | Main crop | Main crop |
| IndiaSPECIES | Coffee Board-documented species window; not a unified national main crop | Coffee Board-documented species window; not a unified national main crop | Outside the Coffee Board species windows; not proof of no picking | Outside the Coffee Board species windows; not proof of no picking | Outside the Coffee Board species windows; not proof of no picking | Outside the Coffee Board species windows; not proof of no picking | Outside the Coffee Board species windows; not proof of no picking | Outside the Coffee Board species windows; not proof of no picking | Outside the Coffee Board species windows; not proof of no picking | Outside the Coffee Board species windows; not proof of no picking | Coffee Board-documented species window; not a unified national main crop | Coffee Board-documented species window; not a unified national main crop |
| IndonesiaREGIONAL | Importer-documented regional window; not a national crop | Not confirmed in selected regional windows; not proof of no harvest | Not confirmed in selected regional windows; not proof of no harvest | Importer-documented regional window; not a national crop | Importer-documented regional window; not a national crop | Importer-documented regional window; not a national crop | Importer-documented regional window; not a national crop | Importer-documented regional window; not a national crop | Importer-documented regional window; not a national crop | Importer-documented regional window; not a national crop | Importer-documented regional window; not a national crop | Importer-documented regional window; not a national crop |
| VietnamN | Main crop | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Main crop | Main crop | Main crop |
| ThailandN | Main crop | Main crop | Main crop | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Main crop | Main crop |
| PhilippinesN | Main crop | Main crop | Main crop | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Main crop | Main crop | Main crop |
| LaosN | Main crop | Main crop | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Main crop | Main crop |
| ChinaN | Main crop | Main crop | Main crop | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Main crop | Main crop |
| Papua New GuineaS | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Main crop | Main crop | Main crop | Main crop | Main crop | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window |
| AustraliaS | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Main crop | Main crop | Main crop | Main crop | Main crop | Main crop | Outside estimated window |
| United States (Hawaiʻi)N | Main crop | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Outside estimated window | Main crop | Main crop | Main crop | Main crop | Main crop |
Main crop Fly / secondary crop Source-documented regional or species window, not one country-wide crop
Explore the origins behind the calendar
Open an available country guide to explore its growing regions and people. An origin guide is background reading, not independent verification of this calendar's estimated picking months. Countries without a verified guide in our directory remain listed in the harvest table.
Browse the complete origin directory →Coffee harvest questions, answered
What is a fly crop?
A secondary or fly crop is another harvest season in the same year, usually smaller than the main crop, where local flowering and ripening cycles permit it. Not every origin has one, and regional terminology varies.
A country-level calendar can mislead
When is Australian coffee harvested? It depends on the region.
Australia has two very different coffee-growing climates. The 2024 Australian Coffee Growers' Manual reports separate peak harvest periods; these should not be mistaken for one national picking season.
Tropical far north Queensland
Reported peak: June–July
Subtropical northern New South Wales and southeast Queensland
Reported peak: September–November
These are regional peak harvest months, not verified dates for every farm. The June–November Australia row combines separate growing climates, not one uninterrupted national peak.
Explore the global harvest calendar →When national harvest labels mislead
When is Indonesian coffee harvested? It depends on the island.
There is no single Indonesian main harvest season. A specialty importer documents substantially different picking windows in Sumatra, Java, Bali, Flores, Sulawesi and Papua. The blue-green markers in our global calendar identify regional examples, not a country-wide main or fly crop.
Sumatra
Importer-reported window: April–June and November–January; smaller picking may occur outside these windows
Java
Importer-reported window: April–August
Bali
Importer-reported window: April–July
Flores
Importer-reported window: May–September
Sulawesi
Importer-reported window: May–October
Papua
Importer-reported window: May–October
These windows are indicative importer-reported regional seasons, not a national main-crop calendar. Sucafina also notes smaller Sumatra picking outside the named windows; another importer reports different dates. An unmarked month does not mean coffee cannot be harvested. Verify a specific lot's picking dates with its producer or exporter.
Sources: Sucafina Specialty — Flores Bajawa offering, regional Indonesia harvest-month guide ↗ · Supremo — Indonesia crop periods (alternative importer estimates) ↗
Compare harvest estimates worldwide →One country, two coffee species
When is Indian coffee harvested? Arabica and Robusta differ.
India does not have one identical harvest window for both species. The Coffee Board of India gives two overlapping periods. Our global calendar shows the months documented for either species as a species-specific window, not as a national main crop or a fly crop.
Arabica
Coffee Board harvest window: November–January
Robusta (Coffea canephora)
Coffee Board harvest window: December–February
These are indicative species-level harvest windows published by India's national Coffee Board, not dates confirmed for every farm, district or year. The overlap in December–January does not imply one species is a secondary or fly crop. Local weather and altitude can shift picking dates.
Source: Coffee Board of India — About the Coffee Board, Brief introduction to Indian Coffee ↗Historic regional seasons · Evidence and limitations
When is Ugandan coffee harvested? The regions differ.
Uganda does not have one nationwide main and fly crop calendar. In the International Coffee Organization's 2019 Uganda profile, a table credited to Uganda Coffee Development Authority shows different main and secondary seasons for Robusta-growing regions and Mount Elgon's Arabica. For example, western Robusta and Masaka have mid-year main seasons, while the central Robusta region has its main harvest around November–February.
Central Uganda — Robusta
Historic main season: November–February
Historic fly season: May–August
Masaka — Robusta
Historic main season: May–July
Historic fly season: October–December
Eastern Uganda — Robusta
Historic main season: November–January
Historic fly season: May–August
Bugisu / Sebei — Arabica
Historic main season: November–January
Historic fly season: May–July
Western Uganda — Robusta
Historic main season: April–July
Historic fly season: November–February
This table records a 2019 publication's historic regional harvest patterns sourced to Uganda Coffee Development Authority. It is not a 2026 forecast. Months are approximate, harvests change with rainfall and locality, and this does not verify any farm's actual picking dates. 'Main' and 'fly' mean the two seasons within each named region, not for the whole country.
Primary source: International Coffee Organization — Uganda Coffee Profile (2019), p. 16, Table 2; regional seasons credited to UCDA ↗
Check the evidence
Real harvest reports beat a one-size-fits-all calendar.
A country harvest range is a starting point, not a picking appointment for a farm. These two 2026 primary-source examples illustrate how a national crop progress report differs from a local harvest plan. Neither verifies all month-by-country estimates in our calendar.
Dated field report ·
Brazil — national crop progress
On September 24, 2026, Conab reported that 99% of Brazil's coffee-growing area had been harvested.
What it cannot prove: A dated nationwide progress report, not a permanent harvest calendar or proof that every farm had finished picking.
Source: Conab — third coffee crop assessment, 2026
Dated field report ·
Colombia — Caldas department
The Caldas coffee growers' committee described its major 2026 harvest as running from mid-September through December.
What it cannot prove: This is a local Colombian growing department's plan, not a verified picking schedule for all of Colombia or every lot in Caldas.
Source: Federación Nacional de Cafeteros — Caldas harvest plan, 2026
From flower to your cup
Why 'fresh crop' arrives months after harvest.
01Flowering
A change in rainfall can stimulate flowering. Fruit develops after successful fertilization; timing depends on species and growing conditions.
02Cherry development
Cherries mature over many months. Elevation, temperature, water and variety influence ripening, but altitude alone does not guarantee cup quality.
03Harvest
Workers or machines collect cherries as they ripen. Country-level windows are broad estimates; regions and individual farms can differ considerably.
04Processing & drying
Producers process and dry coffee using methods adapted to the lot and conditions. Drying duration varies with method, equipment and weather.
05Rest, mill & export
Depending on the lot, coffee can rest in protective parchment before milling, sorting and export. There is no universal processing-to-port schedule.
06Transport & arrival
Shipping, inland transport, customs and warehousing add variable lead times. A harvest month cannot establish when a particular lot reached its roaster.
07Roasting & fresh-crop availability
Roasters may release a lot months after picking. For freshness context, look for its harvest period, storage history and roast date—not just a 'fresh crop' claim.
Sources
- ·International Coffee Organization — coffee market intelligence ↗Global production and trade context; not evidence for individual farm coordinates.
- ·UN Food and Agriculture Organization — coffee facts and data ↗Global production context; not a farm-level harvest calendar.
- ·World Coffee Research — varieties catalog ↗Species and cultivar reference; not proof that a specific farm grows a given variety.
- ·World Coffee Research — altitude depends on latitude and variety ↗Explains why optimal growing altitude depends on latitude and variety; not a universal coffee-quality grade or a farm-level altitude measurement.
- ·Australian Grown Coffee Association — growing regions ↗Documents tropical northern Queensland and subtropical northern NSW/southeast Queensland coffee regions.
- ·Australian Coffee Growers’ Manual (2024), section 4, p. 4.11 — via AGCA ↗Documents regional peak harvest months: tropical north Queensland in June–July, subtropical northern NSW/southeast Queensland in September–November. These peaks are not farm picking dates.
- ·CCOF — Valley Heart Ranch, Santa Barbara County ↗Independent certification directory naming coffee among the grower's certified crops.
- ·International Coffee Organization — Uganda regional harvest table (2019, p. 16) ↗Historic region- and species-specific main and fly seasons credited to the Uganda Coffee Development Authority; not a current crop forecast or verified 2026 farm picking dates.
- ·Coffee Board of India — Arabica and Robusta harvest windows ↗National coffee institution: Arabica harvested November–January, Robusta December–February; indicative species-level periods, not evidence of individual farm picking dates or a fly crop.
- ·Sucafina Specialty — Indonesian island-level harvest windows ↗Specialty importer-reported indicative picking seasons for Sumatra, Java, Bali, Flores, Sulawesi and Papua; not independently verified farm dates or one national main harvest.
- ·Supremo — Indonesia crop periods ↗An independent importer's alternative regional harvest estimates. Variation between trade calendars underscores why a country-wide main crop designation is inappropriate.
- ·Conab — Brazil coffee crop, September 24, 2026 ↗Reports 99% of Brazil's coffee-growing area harvested at that date in 2026; not a forecast for another year or proof of individual-farm dates.
- ·Federación Nacional de Cafeteros — Caldas 2026 plan ↗Describes a mid-September–December harvest plan for Caldas, Colombia, in 2026; not a national schedule.